sport.wikisort.org - AthleteMartha Maria Norelius (January 22, 1909 – September 25, 1955) was a Swedish-born American competition swimmer, Olympic gold medalist, and former world record-holder in five different freestyle swimming events.[1]
American swimmer
Martha Norelius
 Martha Norelius at 1928 Olympics |
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Full name | Martha Maria Norelius |
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National team | United States |
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Born | (1909-01-22)January 22, 1909 Stockholm, Sweden |
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Died | September 25, 1955(1955-09-25) (aged 46) St. Louis, Missouri |
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Sport | Swimming |
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Strokes | Freestyle |
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Club | Women's Swimming Association |
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Biography
Norelius was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1911.[2] Her father was Swedish Olympic swimmer Charles Norelius, who was also her swimming coach.
She was first recognized for her swimming and diving skills just after her seventh birthday, at an exhibition at the Greenbrier pool, where her father was a swimming instructor. He too had been an Olympic swimmer for Sweden and at the Summer Olympics 1912 in Stockholm offered a position in Florida to train the American swimming team. Daughter Martha became very good friends with top swimmer Johnny Weissmüller also trained by Marthas father Charles.[3] At the age of 15, she represented the United States at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.[2][4] Norelius won the gold medal in the women's 400-meter freestyle in 1924, setting a new Olympic record (6:02.2), and edging fellow Americans Helen Wainwright (6:03.8) and Gertrude Ederle (6:04.8). Four years later, at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, she won two more gold medals. First, in individual competition, she won the women's 400-meter freestyle, breaking her own record with a new world mark of 5:42.8, and defeating Dutch swimmer Marie Braun by fifteen seconds. In the women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay event, Norelius and her American teammates Eleanor Garatti, Adelaide Lambert and Albina Osipowich, won the gold medal and set a new world record in both the event final (4:47.6).
Between 1925 and 1929, Norelius won eleven individual Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) titles and set at least 19 world and 30 American records. She remains the only woman to have received two Olympic back-to-back gold medals in the 400-meter freestyle.[5]
In 1929 she turned professional and won the ten-mile Wrigley Marathon in Toronto. There she met Canadian Olympic rower Joseph Wright Jr., and later married him on March 15, 1930. They had a daughter Diane born in February 1931.[6][7]
Norelius died in 1955, only 46 years old, following gall bladder surgery[8] and was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.[9] She was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "honor swimmer" in 1967.
See also
- List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
- List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
- List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
- World record progression 200 metres freestyle
- World record progression 400 metres freestyle
- World record progression 800 metres freestyle
- World record progression 1500 metres freestyle
- World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay
References
- "Martha Norelius". Olympedia. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
- Sports-Reference.com, Olympic Sports, Athletes, Martha Norelius. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
- "White Sulphur". Richmond Times. Society - Fashions. January 30, 1916. p. 7.
- "Olympic Swimmer Is Fifteen Years Old," Oakland Tribune, p. 2D (August 17, 1924). Retrieved April 4, 2015.
- Lohn, John (2010). Historical Dictionary of Competitive Swimming. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 106. ISBN 9780810867758.
- File:Martha Norelius with daughter 1935.jpg, File:Martha Norelius with daughter 1936.jpg
- Lowell Sun Newspaper Archives (November 30, 1932)
- "Former Olympics Champion Is Dead". The Sedalia Democrat. Associated Press. September 27, 1955. p. 10.
- "Martha N. Brown Death Certificate" (PDF). Division of Health of Missouri. October 7, 1955.
External links
Records |
Preceded by |
Women's 200-meter freestyle world record-holder (long course) February 28, 1926 – March 6, 1930 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by |
Women's 400-meter freestyle world record-holder (long course) January 23, 1927 – February 3, 1931 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by |
Women's 800-meter freestyle world record-holder (long course) August 7, 1926 – August 10, 1929 |
Succeeded by |
Preceded by Edith Mayne |
Women's 1,500-meter freestyle world record-holder (long course) July 28, 1927 – July 15, 1931 |
Succeeded by |
1924 USA Olympic swimming team |
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Men's Team | | |
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Women's Team | |
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1928 USA Olympic swimming team |
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Men's team | | |
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Women's team | |
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 Olympic champions in women's 400 m freestyle |
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300 m | |
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400 m | |
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 Olympic champions in women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay |
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- 1912:
Belle Moore, Jennie Fletcher, Annie Speirs, Irene Steer (GBR)
- 1920:
Margaret Woodbridge, Frances Schroth, Irene Guest, Ethelda Bleibtrey (USA)
- 1924:
Euphrasia Donnelly, Gertrude Ederle, Ethel Lackie, Mariechen Wehselau (USA)
- 1928:
Adelaide Lambert, Albina Osipowich, Eleanor Saville, Martha Norelius (USA)
- 1932:
Helen Johns, Eleanor Saville, Josephine McKim, Helene Madison (USA)
- 1936:
Jopie Selbach, Tini Wagner, Willy den Ouden, Rie Mastenbroek (NED)
- 1948:
Marie Corridon, Thelma Kalama, Brenda Helser, Ann Curtis (USA)
- 1952:
Ilona Novák, Judit Temes, Éva Novák-Gerard, Katalin Szőke (HUN)
- 1956:
Dawn Fraser, Faith Leech, Sandra Morgan, Lorraine Crapp (AUS)
- 1960:
Joan Spillane, Shirley Stobs, Carolyn Wood, Chris von Saltza (USA)
- 1964:
Sharon Stouder, Donna de Varona, Lillian Watson, Kathy Ellis (USA)
- 1968:
Jane Barkman, Linda Gustavson, Susan Pedersen, Jan Henne (USA)
- 1972:
Shirley Babashoff, Jane Barkman, Jenny Kemp, Sandy Neilson (USA)
- 1976:
Kim Peyton, Jill Sterkel, Shirley Babashoff, Wendy Boglioli (USA)
- 1980:
Barbara Krause, Caren Metschuck, Ines Diers, Sarina Hülsenbeck (GDR)
- 1984:
Jenna Johnson, Carrie Steinseifer, Dara Torres, Nancy Hogshead (USA)
- 1988:
Kristin Otto, Katrin Meissner, Daniela Hunger, Manuela Stellmach (GDR)
- 1992:
Nicole Haislett, Angel Martino, Jenny Thompson, Dara Torres, Ashley Tappin, Crissy Ahmann-Leighton (USA)
- 1996:
Angel Martino, Amy Van Dyken, Catherine Fox, Jenny Thompson, Lisa Jacob, Melanie Valerio (USA)
- 2000:
Amy Van Dyken, Courtney Shealy, Jenny Thompson, Dara Torres, Erin Phenix, Ashley Tappin (USA)
- 2004:
Alice Mills, Libby Lenton, Petria Thomas, Jodie Henry, Sarah Ryan (AUS)
- 2008:
Inge Dekker, Ranomi Kromowidjojo, Femke Heemskerk, Marleen Veldhuis, Hinkelien Schreuder, Manon van Rooijen (NED)
- 2012:
Alicia Coutts, Cate Campbell, Brittany Elmslie, Melanie Schlanger, Emily Seebohm, Yolane Kukla, Libby Trickett (AUS)
- 2016:
Emma McKeon, Brittany Elmslie, Bronte Campbell, Cate Campbell, Madison Wilson (AUS)
- 2020:
Bronte Campbell, Meg Harris, Emma McKeon, Cate Campbell, Mollie O'Callaghan, Madison Wilson (AUS)
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На других языках
- [en] Martha Norelius
[it] Martha Norelius
Martha Norelius (Stoccolma, 20 gennaio 1908 – Saint Louis, 23 settembre 1955) è stata una nuotatrice svedese, naturalizzata americana.
[ru] Норелиус, Марта
Марта Мария Норелиус (англ. Martha Maria Norelius; 22 января 1909, Стокгольм — 25 сентября 1955, Сент-Луис, Миссури) — американская пловчиха, трёхкратная олимпийская чемпионка[1][2].
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