Muirfield is a privately owned golf links which is the home of The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. Located in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland, overlooking the Firth of Forth, Muirfield is one of the golf courses used in rotation for The Open Championship.
Muirfield has hosted The Open Championship sixteen times, most recently in 2013 when Phil Mickelson lifted the trophy. Other past winners at Muirfield include Ernie Els, Nick Faldo (twice), Tom Watson, Lee Trevino, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Henry Cotton, Alf Perry, Walter Hagen, Harry Vardon and Harold Hilton. Muirfield has also hosted The Amateur Championship (ten times), the Ryder Cup in 1973, the 1959 and 1979 Walker Cup, the 1952 and 1984 Curtis Cup, and many other tournaments including the Women’s British Open.
Muirfield has an unusual layout for a links course. Most links courses run along the coast and then back again leading to two sets of nine holes, the holes in each set facing roughly in the same direction. Muirfield, however, was among the first courses to depart from this arrangement and is arranged as two loops of nine holes, one clockwise, one anticlockwise.[2] This means that assuming the wind direction remains the same throughout a round, virtually every hole on the course has a different apparent wind direction from the tee. No more than three consecutive holes follow the same direction at any stage. The course borders on Archerfield Wood which features in The Pavilion on the Links, the classic short story by Robert Louis Stevenson.
Jack Nicklaus won three Open Championships, the first at Muirfield in 1966, which completed the first of his three career grand slams. Nicklaus has described Muirfield as "the best golf course in Britain."[3] He later developed a championship golf course and community in Dublin, Ohio, a suburb north of his hometown of Columbus. Opened in 1974, Nicklaus named it Muirfield Village; it has hosted his Memorial Tournament, a top invitational event on the PGA Tour since 1976.
Muirfield has halted two post-war attempts at the grand slam, denying the third major of the year to winners of the first two, the Masters and U.S. Open. Nicklaus was runner-up by a stroke in 1972 to Trevino, and Tiger Woods ran into gale-force winds and rain in the third round in 2002 and shot an 81; he rebounded with a 65 on Sunday to finish at even-par, six strokes out of the playoff in a tie for 28th place.
The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers
The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, now based at Muirfield, holds the claim of being the oldest verifiable organised golf club in the world, although the game of golf is several centuries older. The club's records date continuously back to 1744, when it produced thirteen "Rules of Golf" for its first competition which was played at Leith Links for the "Silver Club".[4] This trophy had been requested by the HCEG from the City of Edinburgh Council, which agreed.[5] The first competition was won by John Rattray, who signed the rules and became the first club captain.[6] The club played on the five holes at Leith Links for nearly a century, but overcrowding forced a move in 1836 to Musselburgh Old Course's 9-hole Old Course which, like many prestigious Scottish courses including St Andrews, is a public course, and this course also eventually became too crowded for the liking of the HCEG's members.
In 1795 the Club applied to the Edinburgh Council for a Charter. This was granted on 26 March 1800 together with a Seal of Cause under the new title of 'The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers'.[7]
In 1891, the club built a new private 18-hole course at Muirfield, taking the Open Championship with them. This situation caused some ill feeling at Musselburgh, which lost the right to hold the Open from that point forward. Old Tom Morris designed the new course, which met with wide approval from the start; it has been modified and updated several times since, in significant ways up to the late 1920s, after which it has remained stable.[8] The first Open held on the new course in 1892 was the first tournament anywhere contested over four rounds, or 72 holes.[9]
Membership policy
Until 2017, women were barred from holding membership of the Company, though were permitted to play the course as guests or visitors.[10][11] The exclusion of women from membership was controversial. After a May 2016 vote on the policy reached a majority, but not the two-thirds supermajority required for change, the R&A removed Muirfield from the rotation of Open venues.[12] Speaking shortly after the announcement, secretary Stuart McEwen said the outcome was 'a blow to the club, the local community and Scotland'.[13]
The public backlash led Muirfield to re-ballot on the issue.[14] In March 2017 the club voted to admit women as members for the first time in its history.[15] In August 2022 Muirfield hosted the Women's British Open for the first time.[16]
Course
The course has been extended by 211 yards (193m) since the 2002 Championship to 7,245 yards (6,625m).[17]
Hole
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Out
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
In
Total
Yards
450
367
379
229
561
469
187
445
558
3,645
472
389
382
193
478
447
188
578
473
3,600
7,245
Par
4
4
4
3
5
4
3
4
5
36
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
5
4
35
71
Lengths of the course for Opens since 1950:[18][19]
2013: 7,192 yards (6,576m), par 71
2002: 7,034 yards (6,432m), par 71
1992: 6,970 yards (6,373m), par 71
1987: 6,963 yards (6,367m), par 71
1980: 6,926 yards (6,333m), par 71
1972: 6,892 yards (6,302m), par 71
1966: 6,887 yards (6,297m), par 71
1959: 6,806 yards (6,223m), par 72
The Open Championship
The Open Championship was first held at Muirfield in 1892 and has hosted 16 times, the last in 2013.
Year
Winner
Score
Winner's share (£)
R1
R2
R3
R4
Total
1892
Harold Hilton (a) 1st
78
81
72
74
305
(am)
1896
Harry Vardon 1st
83
78
78
77
316PO
30
1901
James Braid 1st
79
76
74
80
309
30
1906
James Braid 3rd
77
76
74
73
300
30
1912
Ted Ray
71
73
76
75
295
50
1929
Walter Hagen 4th
75
67
75
75
292 (+12)
100
1935
Alf Perry
69
75
67
72
283 (−5)
100
1948
Henry Cotton 3rd
71
66
75
72
284 (E)
150
1959
Gary Player 1st
75
71
70
68
284 (−4)
1,000
1966
Jack Nicklaus 1st
70
67
75
70
282 (−2)
2,100
1972
Lee Trevino 2nd
71
70
66
71
278 (−6)
5,500
1980
Tom Watson 3rd
68
70
64
69
271 (−13)
25,000
1987
Nick Faldo 1st
68
69
71
71
279 (−5)
75,000
1992
Nick Faldo 3rd
66
64
69
73
272 (−12)
95,000
2002
Ernie Els 1st
70
66
72
70
278 (−6)PO
700,000
2013
Phil Mickelson
69
74
72
66
281 (−3)
945,000
Note: For multiple winners of The Open Championship, superscript ordinal identifies which in their respective careers.
(a) denotes amateur
The Senior British Open
The Senior British Open Championship was first held at Muirfield in 2007.
True Links, by George Peper and Malcolm Campbell, 2010.
Burnett, Allan; Geddes, Olive (Summer 2010). "Slicing into History"(PDF). Discover NLS - Magazine Issue 16. National Library of Scotland. pp.16–19. Archived from the original(PDF) on 26 September 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
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