sport.wikisort.org - Team

Search / Calendar

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (Arabic: نادي القوة الجوية الرياضي, lit.'Air Force Club') is an Iraqi sports club based in Rusafa District, Baghdad that competes in the Iraqi Premier League, the top-flight of Iraqi football. Founded in 1931, it is the oldest existing club in Iraq.[1]

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya
Full nameAl-Quwa Al-Jawiya
(Air Force Club)
Nickname(s)Al-Soqoor (The Falcons)
Al-Areeq (The Deep-Rooted)
Founded4 July 1931; 91 years ago (4 July 1931) as Gipsy Moth
GroundAl-Quwa Al-Jawiya Stadium
Capacity6,000
OwnerMinistry of Defence
PresidentShihab Jahid
ManagerQahtan Chathir
LeagueIraqi Premier League
2021–22Iraqi Premier League, 2nd of 20
Home colours
Away colours

Its football team is one of the most successful in Iraq having won seven Iraqi Premier League titles, most recently in the 2020–21 season, which it won alongside its fifth Iraq FA Cup title. The club also won a joint-record three Iraqi Elite Cups, and in 1996–97 it became the first of only two clubs to win all four major national trophies (League, FA Cup, Elite Cup, Super Cup) in the same season.

On the continental level, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya are joint-record winners of the AFC Cup having become the first club to win three consecutive titles in 2016, 2017 and 2018. The Falcons have participated in the group stage of the AFC Champions League five times since its foundation in 2002, and have previously reached the quarter-final of the Arab Club Champions Cup.


History


On 4 July 1931, 73 days after the foundation of the Iraqi Air Force, the club was founded by a group of Iraqi flight policemen at the British Royal Air Force station of RAF Hinaidi. It is the oldest existing football club in Iraq and one of its nicknames is Al-Areeq (The Deep-Rooted). The club was named Gipsy Moth after the model of the first fleet of the Iraqi Air Force, but soon the club was renamed to Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, simply meaning Air Force. They played their very first game a day later against a team from RAF Habbaniya and won the match dressed in army fatigues and short khakis. The win over the British forces helped the club grow in popularity as many Iraqis began supporting the club as its reputation spread across the nation.[2]

As the British forces and its leaders saw that the club's activities had broadened and its members and followers had multiplied which was clearly seen in the matches they played in, the British wanted to get rid of some of its leaders, but King Ghazi, who took over as ruler of Iraq in 1933, had a strong relationship with the Iraqi flight policemen and he invited the members to have talks to solve the problem. It was not long before a solution for the development of the club had been decided on and they became under the control of another branch of the Iraqi Air Force, which opened a number of doors for the club around areas in Iraq. They won their first trophy on 19 May 1933, defeating Al-Lasilki 1–0 after extra time in the final of the Prince Ghazi Cup, thanks to a goal by Nasser Hussein, wearing the colours of green and purple.[3] With the Kingdom of Iraq gaining independence from Britain, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya renamed to Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya (Royal Air Force), and returned to the name of Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya when Iraq became a republic in 1958. Jawiya and Al-Haris Al-Maliki (meaning Royal Guards) became close rivals with the two teams regularly competing for the Iraq Central FA League title (a league for teams in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities). This league competition started in 1948 and continued all the way until 1973 when the Central FA League and other regional leagues were replaced by the Iraqi National First Division.[4][5][6]

Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya being awarded the Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup trophy in 1964.
Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya being awarded the Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup trophy in 1964.

Jawiya were one of the six teams to compete in the 1956–57 season which saw a double-elimination format introduced for the first time. In 1957, Jawiya completed the signing of Ammo Baba, one of the best players in Iraqi football history, and won their first league title in Ammo's first season at the club in 1957–58, after Montakhab Al-Shorta withdrew from the replay of the final. The 1959–60 season saw Jawiya reach the final of the league again, but they lost 3–0 to Al-Athori.[7] Jawiya secured their second league title in the 1961–62 season as the league changed to a round-robin format. This qualified them for the 1962 Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup (later known as Iraq Central FA Perseverance Cup) which they won by defeating Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya 4–2. Jawiya won the league title again in 1963–64 and also won the Iraq Central FA Altruism Cup again that year. They were once managed by Scotsman Frank Hill in the fifties, a player at Arsenal and manager at Notts County and Charlton Athletic – attempting on two separate occasions to sign Jawiya's star inside forward Ammo Baba. They had another British link as the team featured former Bristol Rovers reserve Youra Eshaya who went on to become one of the longest-serving players at the club from 1955 to 1971.[8] Jawiya claimed their fourth title in 1972–73, winning the league with a 100% win record (seven wins from seven games).

The club continued their strong form and won the country's new nationwide league in the 1973–74 season. That season, Jawiya also won the first and only edition of the Iraq FA Baghdad Cup, a knockout tournament played between 20 teams from Baghdad and its neighbouring cities, by beating Al-Sikak Al-Hadeed 2–1 in the final. In 1974, the Iraq Football Association decided to form the Iraqi Premier League (then known as the Iraqi National Clubs First Division) which was only open to clubs rather than institute-representative teams. The club changed their name from Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya to Al-Tayaran (meaning Airlines) on 15 August 1974. The first ever edition of the Iraqi Premier League in the 1974–75 season saw Al-Tayaran claim the title, finishing just a single point above runners-up Al-Naqil, meaning they had won three league titles in a row (one Central FA First Division, one National First Division and one National Clubs First Division). All three titles were won under the management of Abdelilah Mohammed Hassan. Al-Tayaran won their first Iraq FA Cup title by beating Al-Shorta 5–3 on penalties in the 1978 final after a 1–1 draw, with Nadhum Shaker scoring the winning penalty.

In the 1989–90 season, Al-Tayaran managed to get their second Premier League title, known as the National Clubs First Division at the time. They finished four points ahead of defending champions Al-Rasheed. 12 goals from Natiq Hashim were crucial in winning Amer Jamil's Al-Tayaran the title. Midway through the 1990–91 season, on 20 April 1991, the Ministry of Interior decided to dissolve all the clubs that were under its control including Al-Bahri (Navy Club), Al-Jaish (Army Club) and Al-Tayaran. However, after immense pressure from supporters of the club, Al-Tayaran returned to action on 12 May 1991, but returned to their old name of Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya. The 1991–92 season saw Jawiya win their first ever national Double and goes down as one of the most successful seasons in the club's history. Managed by Adil Yousef, Jawiya claimed the title on the very last day of the season, defeating Al-Zawraa 1–0 in their last game thanks to an early goal by their top scorer Akram Emmanuel to overtake their opponents and claim the trophy. The game was controversial as Al-Zawraa scored a goal through Laith Hussein that was ruled out for offside; had the goal counted, Al-Zawraa would have retained their title. Jawiya coupled their league success with their second FA Cup win, defeating Al-Khutoot 2–1 in the cup final. Jawiya managed to win their first Elite Cup title in 1994 with a penalty shootout win over Al-Talaba after the game ended goalless.

Jawiya, under the leadership of Ayoub Odisho, started the 1996–97 season by winning the 1996 Iraqi Elite Cup. Jawiya also managed to win the Iraqi Premier League with 22 wins from 30 games with their top scorer being Sabah Jeayer. Four days before clinching the league title, Jawiya won their third Iraq FA Cup with a penalty shootout victory against Al-Shorta in front of 50,000 spectators at Al-Shaab Stadium. Jawiya became history-makers by winning the Iraqi Super Cup 3–1 against Al-Zawraa at the end of the season to become the first team in Iraqi football history to win all four major domestic trophies in a single season. The joy of the 1996–97 campaign was followed by a heartbreaking 1997–98 season. Jawiya conceded a 97th-minute equalising penalty to Al-Zawraa in the 1998 Iraq FA Cup final and lost the ensuing penalty shootout. Jawiya then drew 1–1 against Al-Zawraa in their last league match of the season, and missed out on the title to Al-Shorta after Al-Shorta scored a 91st-minute winning penalty in their match against Al-Sulaikh. Jawiya players mistakenly thought that Al-Shorta had drawn their match which would have made them champions and they began celebrating on the field, with Ayoub Odisho giving an interview on live television. Midway through Odisho's interview, the stadium announcer declared that the final score of Al-Shorta's game was 3–2 and that Al-Shorta were officially the champions of Iraq and Odisho stopped talking and stood still with a shocked expression on his face.

Abdul-Jabbar
Abdul-Amir
2016 AFC Cup winning starting line-up.

Jawiya clinched their third Elite Cup title in 1998 by beating Al-Naft in the final. Jawiya also managed to win the 2001 Iraqi Super Cup against Al-Zawraa with a 1–0 win. In 2003 the club briefly changed their name back to Al-Tayaran before returning to the name Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya again. Jawiya entered the 2004–05 season in search of a fifth Premier League title, and they managed to achieve it by beating Al-Minaa 2–0 in the final coached by Sabah Abdul-Jalil. In the 2006–07 season, Jawiya reached the final of the league again but lost it to hosts Erbil by a score of 1–0. Their position as league runners-up qualified them for the 2008 AFC Champions League but they exited at the group stage for the third time in a row. In the 2014–15 campaign, Jawiya qualified for the league final where they played newly promoted Naft Al-Wasat, and lost on penalties after a goalless draw. Jawiya won the 2015–16 Iraq FA Cup by defeating rivals Al-Zawraa 2–0, thus denying their opponents the Double.[9]

By finishing as runners-up of the 2014–15 league, Jawiya qualified for the 2016 AFC Cup,[10] Asia's second-tier club tournament. They reached the 2016 AFC Cup Final, where Hammadi Ahmad scored the only goal of the game against Indian side Bengaluru to become the first Iraqi club to win the AFC Cup and claim their first ever major continental trophy.[11] Jawiya then went on to win the 2016–17 Iraqi Premier League, their sixth Premier League title, under the helm of Basim Qasim.[12] They rounded off the season by winning their second consecutive AFC Cup, this time beating FC Istiklol 1–0 in the final. They then became the first team in history to win the AFC Cup three times in a row with a 2–0 win over Altyn Asyr in the 2018 final, and clinched their seventh Premier League title in the 2020–21 season under Ayoub Odisho, coupling it with the 2020–21 Iraq FA Cup title to earn their third national double.


Stadium


Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya's stadium is located in Baghdad, near Falastin Street, opposite the former stadium site of their rivals Al-Shorta. It has a capacity of 6,000. The seats are light blue in colour.


Kits


Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya's home kit is blue with white trimmings, while their away kit is yellow with blue trimmings. In the past, Jawiya have worn white away kits with blue trimmings and have also worn a red and white striped away kit with blue trimmings. Their past third kits include black with gold trimmings, purple with white trimmings and grey with white trimmings.


Rivalries


Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya's main rivals are Al-Zawraa, with whom they contest the Iraqi El Clásico. Jawiya also share a fierce rivalry with the other big Baghdad clubs, namely Al-Shorta and Al-Talaba.


Supporters


Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya are one of the traditional "Big Four" of Baghdad and thus have a large fanbase, concentrated mainly in Iraq's capital. The supporters call themselves Al-Soqoor, which means The Falcons; this is also the nickname of the club. In 2012, Jawiya fans decided to form an ultras group under the name Ultras Blue Hawks. The group has grown in number and is now in its thousands. They wave flags and banners at games, play instruments and set off flares and fireworks in order to create a good atmosphere at Jawiya's games; they aim to intimidate the opposition as well as inspire their own team.


Current squad


As of 3 September 2022

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK  IRQ Fahad Talib
20 GK  IRQ Mohammed Hameed
12 GK  IRQ Mohammed Shakir
33 GK  IRQ Mustafa Bassim
3 DF  IRQ Hamza Adnan
2 DF  TOG Wilson Akakpo
66 DF  IRQ Mohammed Al-Baqir
15 DF  IRQ Ibrahem Khalaf
44 MF  IRQ Hammoud Mishaan
24 DF  IRQ Hassan Raad
77 DF  IRQ Alaa Mhawi
5 DF  TUN Ghaith Maaroufi
6 MF  IRQ Ali Mohsin
16 MF  IRQ Karrar Nabeel
23 MF  IRQ Kadhem Raad Hatem
25 MF  IRQ Mohammed Ali Abboud
No. Pos. Nation Player
13 MF  TOG Franco Atchou
MF  IRQ Ahmed Hassan
31 MF  IRQ Ali Hassan
MF  IRQ Abbas Ali
19 MF  IRQ Mohammed Qasim Majid
8 MF  IRQ Ibrahim Bayesh
14 FW  IRQ Hussein Jabbar
FW  IRQ Nihad Mohammed
7 FW  IRQ Sharif Abdul-Kadhim
9 FW  IRQ Muntadher Abdul-Amir
10 FW  IRQ Hammadi Ahmed (Captain)
88 FW  IRQ Mohannad Abdul-Raheem
35 FW  COD Chris Mugalu
FW  IRQ Ahmed Najm
FW  IRQ Jaafer Alaa
99 FW  IRQ Mohammed Jumaa

Managers


Dates Name[13]
1931–1932 Manati Ali Nassir
1932–1936 Raouf Shabib
1936–1937 Mahmoud Shaker
1937–1938 Anwar Mustafa
1938–1948 Kadhim Abadi
1948–1949 Maarouf Abdullah
1949–1951 Kadhim Abadi
1951–1952 Mahmoud Aziz
1952–1953 Kadhim Abadi
1953–1954 Assim Abdul-Karim Shenaishil
1954–1956 Kadhim Abadi
1956–1957 Saadi Jassim
1957–1958 Frank Hill
1958–1960 Aziz Jassim Al-Hajia
1960–1961 Abdul-Jabar Al-Salihi
1961–1962 Salih Faraj
1962–1963 Abdul-Sattar Al-Sheikhli
Cornel Drăgușin
1963–1964 Shawqi Aboud
1964–1965 Kamil Mohammed Ali
1965–1966 Saadi Abdul-Karim
1966–1967 Jalil Shihab
1967–1968 Kamil Mohammed Ali
1968 Lutfi Abdul-Qadir
1968–1969 Shawqi Aboud
1969–1970 Qasim Mahmoud
1970–1971 Saadi Abdul-Karim
1971–1975 Abdelilah Mohammed Hassan
1975–1976 Edison David
1976–1977 Jalil Shihab
1977 Thamer Mohsin
Dates Name
1977–1978 Abdelilah Mohammed Hassan
1978–1979 Mejbel Fartous
1979–1980 Abdelilah Mohammed Hassan
1980–1983 Vojo Gardašević
1983–1984 Abdelilah Abdul-Hameed
1984 Adil Yousef
1984–1986 Mejbel Fartous
1986–1991 Amer Jameel
1991–1992 Adil Yousef
1992 Abraham Barsoum
1992–1993 Ammo Baba
1993–1994 Abdelilah Abdul-Hameed
1994–1995 Adnan Dirjal
1995 Saadi Younis
1995 Adil Yousef
1995 Natiq Hashim
1995–1996 Hassan Farhan
1996 Salah Obeid
1996 Hassan Saadawi
1996–1998 Ayoub Odisho
1998 Nazar Ashraf
1998–2000 Nadhim Shaker
2000 Hadi Mutanish
2000 Ayoub Odisho
2000–2001 Ammo Baba
Natiq Hashim
2001 Natiq Hashim
2001 Abdelilah Abdul-Hameed
2001 Ahmed Radhi
2001–2002 Salih Radhi
2002–2003 Nadhim Shaker
Dates Name
2003 Saadi Toma
2003–2004 Adil Yousef
2004 Emad Toma
2004–2006 Sabah Abdul-Jalil
2006 Samir Kadhim
2006–2007 Radhi Shenaishil
2007–2008 Hameed Salman
2008 Samir Kadhim
2008–2009 Waleed Dhahid
2009 Samir Kadhim
2009–2010 Sabah Abdul-Jalil
2010–2011 Thair Ahmed
2011 Waleed Dhahid (interim)
Mahdi Jassim (interim)
2011–2012 Salih Radhi
2012–2013 Ayoub Odisho
2013–2014 Hussam Al Sayed
2014 Waleed Dhahid (interim)
2014–2015 Nadhim Shaker
2015 Jassim Ghulam (interim)
Waleed Dhahid (interim)
2015 Abbas Attiya
2015–2016 Sabah Abdul-Jalil
2016 Ali Hadi
2016 Ahmed Daham (interim)
2016–2017 Basim Qasim
2017 Hussam Al Sayed
2017 Razzaq Farhan (interim)
2017–2018 Radhi Shenaishil
2018–2019 Basim Qasim
2019–2021 Ayoub Odisho
Dates Name
2021 Ahmed Khalaf
2021–2022 Radhi Shenaishil
2022 Hakeem Shaker
2022– Qahtan Chathir

Current technical staff


Position Name Nationality
Manager:Qahtan Chathir
Assistant manager:Jabbar Hashim
Assistant manager:Jassim Ghulam Al-Hamd
Goalkeeping coach:Salih Hameed
Fitness coach:Ayman Al-Habibi
Technical Advisor:Nazar Ashraf
Technical Advisor:Mejbel Fartous
Administrative director:Haitham Kadhim
Team supervisor:Ahmed Khudhair
Military team manager:Falah Jahid
U19 Manager:Kadhim Flayih
U16 Manager:Hiad Azher

Source:[citation needed]


Honours



Major


Type Competition Titles Winning years Runners-up
Domestic
(national)
Iraqi Premier League 7 1974–75, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1996–97, 2004–05, 2016–17, 2020–21 1975–76, 1981–82, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2006–07, 2014–15, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2021–22
Iraqi National First Division 1 1973–74
Iraq FA Cup 5 1977–78, 1991–92, 1996–97, 2015–16, 2020–21 1988–89, 1997–98, 1999–2000
Iraqi Elite Cup 3s 1994, 1996, 1998 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1999
Iraqi Super Cup 2 1997, 2001 2000, 2002, 2017, 2021
Domestic
(regional)
Iraq Central FA League 4 1957–58, 1961–62, 1963–64, 1972–73 1956–57, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1968–69
Iraq FA Baghdad Cup 1 1974
Iraq Central FA Perseverance Cup 2s 1962, 1964 1966
Continental AFC Cup 3s 2016, 2017, 2018

Minor



Statistics



In domestic competitions



Regional

Year Central League Baghdad Cup Perseverance Cup
1956–57Runner-upStarted in
1974
Started in
1962
1957–58Winner
1958–59Ninth place
1959–60Runner-up
1960–61Third place
1961–62WinnerWinner
1962–63Fourth placeDid not qualify
1963–64WinnerWinner
1964–65Fifth placeDid not qualify
1965–66Runner-upRunner-up
1966–67not finishedAbolished in
1966
1967–68Third place
1968–69Runner-up
1969–70Fourth place
1970–71Third place
1971–72Fourth place
1972–73Winner
1973–74Folded in
1973
Winner

National

Year National First Division
1973–74Winner
Year Premier League FA Cup Super Cup Elite Cup
1948–49Started in
1974
Did not enterStarted in
1986
Started in
1991
1974–75Winnernot held
1975–76Runner-upRound of 32
1976–77Ninth placenot held
1977–78Seventh placeWinner
1978–79Fifth placeSemi-final
1979–80Ninth placeRound of 16
1980–81Third place-
1981–82Runner-upSemi-final
1982–83Third placeSemi-final
1983–84Third place-
1984–85not finishednot finished
1985–86Third placenot heldDid not qualify
1986–87Fourth place-not held
1987–88Third place-not held
1988–89Third placeRunner-upnot held
1989–90WinnerSemi-finalnot held
1990–91Sixth placeSemi-finalnot held
1991–92WinnerWinnernot heldRunner-up
1992–93Third placeSecond roundnot heldRunner-up
1993–94Runner-upSemi-finalnot heldRunner-up
1994–95Runner-upSemi-finalnot heldWinner
1995–96Eighth placeSemi-finalnot heldRunner-up
1996–97WinnerWinnerWinnerWinner
1997–98Runner-upRunner-upDid not qualifyGroup stage
1998–99Third placeSemi-finalnot heldWinner
1999–2000Runner-upRunner-upDid not qualifyRunner-up
2000–01Runner-upnot heldRunner-upGroup stage
2001–02Runner-upRound of 16WinnerFourth place
2002–03not finishedRound of 32Runner-upFourth place
2003–04not finishednot heldnot heldSemi-final
2004–05Winnernot heldnot heldAbolished in
2004
2005–06Fourth placenot heldnot held
2006–07Runner-upnot heldnot held
2007–08Third placenot heldnot held
2008–09Sixth placenot heldnot held
2009–10Fifth placenot heldnot held
2010–11Fourth placenot heldnot held
2011–12Third placenot heldnot held
2012–13Third placenot finishednot held
2013–14Fourth placenot heldnot held
2014–15Runner-upnot heldnot held
2015–16Fourth placeWinnernot held
2016–17WinnerQuarter-finalnot held
2017–18Runner-upnot heldRunner-up
2018–19Runner-upSemi-finalnot held
2019–20not finishednot finishedDid not qualify
2020–21WinnerWinnernot held
2021–22Runner-upQuarter-finalRunner-up

See also



References


  1. Iraq - Foundation Dates. RSSSF. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  2. Mubarak, Hassanin (21 March 2013). "Iraqi Football History".
  3. Mubarak, Hassanin (21 March 2013). "Iraqi Football History".
  4. "Did You Know? Iraqi Football".
  5. Anwiyah, Emmanuel. "Ammo Baba Profile".
  6. Mubarak, Hassanin (21 March 2013). "Iraqi Football History".
  7. Mubarak, Hassanin (21 March 2013). "Iraqi Football History".
  8. Mubarak, Hassanin. "Iraq Olympic Team Profile". Ahdaafme. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  9. "كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول".
  10. "كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول".
  11. "AFC Cup: Bengaluru FC win AFC's Fairplay award". www.goal.com. Goal. 6 November 2016. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  12. "Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya win the 2016/17 Iraqi Premier League title - Soccer Iraq". 10 August 2017.
  13. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya - Coaches



На других языках


[de] Al-Quwa al-Dschawiya

al-Quwa al-Dschawiya FC (arabisch القوة الجوية, DMG al-Qūwa al-Ǧauwīya) ist ein irakischer Fußballverein aus Bagdad. „al-Quwa al-Dschawiya“ ist arabisch für „Luftwaffe“.
- [en] Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya

[es] Al Quwa Al Jawiya

Al Quwa Al Jawiya (en árabe, نادي القوة الجوية الرياضي‎), literalmente llamado Air Force Athletic Club, es un club de fútbol fundado el 4 de julio de 1931 en la ciudad de Bagdad, Irak. Es el primer equipo de fútbol fundado en Irak.[2]

[ru] Аль-Кува

«Нади Аль-Кува Аль-Джавия» (араб. نادي القوة الجوية الرياضي‎) — иракский футбольный клуб из города Багдад. Это один из самых крупных и успешных клубов Ирака. Клуб был основан 4 июля 1931 года группой местных лётчиков. Уже на следующий день команда провела свой первый матч — с командой Хаббании. «Аль-Кува» является пятикратным чемпионом страны, а также семикратным обладателем национального кубка. В Лиге чемпионов АФК клуб выступал четыре раза, лучшим достижением команды является выход в групповой этап турнира. В последние сезоны «Аль-Кува» регулярно занимает высокие места в национальном первенстве.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии