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Football Club Twente (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː ˈtʋɛntə]) is a Dutch professional football club from the city of Enschede, sometimes known internationally as Twente Enschede. The club was formed in 1965 by the merger of 1926 Dutch champions Sportclub Enschede with Enschedese Boys. It was the holder of the 2011 KNVB Cup and Johan Cruyff Shield trophies, and was Eredivisie champion in the 2009–10 season; the club has also finished as Eredivisie runner-up twice, was runner-up in the 1974–75 UEFA Cup, and has won the KNVB Cup three times. Twente's home ground since 1998 is De Grolsch Veste. Since 2019, the team have played in the Eredivisie, the top division of Dutch football.

Twente

Full name	Football Club Twente
Nickname(s)	The Tukkers Pride of the East The Reds
Founded	1 July 1965; 57 years ago (1965-07-01)
Ground	De Grolsch Veste Enschede
Capacity	30,205
Chairman	Paul van der Kraan
Head coach	Ron Jans
League	Eredivisie
2021–22	Eredivisie, 4th of 18
Website	Club website
Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season

History

Foundation and early years

The club was formed in 1965 as a merger of two professional clubs, Sportclub Enschede and the Enschedese Boys. One of such predecessors, SC Enschede, had also won a single Dutch championship in 1926.[1]

The first successes of the club started just after the merger of 1965, under the innovative coach Kees Rijvers. Twente finished third in 1969, fourth in 1970, fifth in 1971, third in 1972 and again in 1973. The team's key figures were local heroes, such as Epi Drost, Eddy Achterberg, Kick van der Vall and Theo Pahlplatz. Their finest Eredivisie season was 1973–74, in which Twente battled for the Dutch championship with Feyenoord. A head-to-head confrontation in the final game of the season, in Rotterdam, where Feyenoord prevailed 3–2, sealed Twente's fate in second. Nonetheless, this earned the side a position in the UEFA Cup.

The Tukkers (as people from the Dutch region of Twente are generally called) nearly made the very most out of that UEFA Cup ticket—after beating Juventus in the semi-finals, Twente lost to German side Borussia Mönchengladbach in the finals (0–0, 1–5).

In 1977, Twente won its first trophy, the KNVB Cup, after beating PEC Zwolle 3–0.[2]

The 1980s and 1990s

After enjoying some success in the 1970s, prospects went downhill for Twente, with the club ultimately suffering relegation to the Eerste Divisie, the Dutch second division, in 1983. However, Twente returned to the top flight a year later, but the club soon became known for their "impressive" amount of 1–1 and 0–0 draws. This new reputation as "boring Twente" overshadowed the fact that the club kept qualifying for European football on a fairly regular basis, with five times since 1985.

Re-establishment then followed in the 1990s: German coach Hans Meyer led Twente to third-place in the Eredivisie of 1997 and into the third round of the 1997–98 UEFA Cup the next season. On 24 May 2001, Twente clinched their second triumph in the KNVB Cup after beating PSV in the final after being 3–1 down in the penalty shoot-out. The season after, Twente crashed out of the Cup at the hands of Ajax's second team. Additionally, results in the league were poor, with hardcore Twente fans Ultras Vak-P eventually going on a rampage at the club's brand-new stadium, De Grolsch Veste, out of frustration.

From bankruptcy to national champions (2002–2011)

The club's mother corporation (FC Twente '65) was declared bankrupt in the 2002–03 season, almost leading to the club's going out of existence. The club, now chaired by ambitious businessman Joop Munsterman, survived such problems and made it to another KNVB Cup final in 2004, and then finished in fourth place in the league table in 2006–07. In the 2007–08 season, Twente placed fourth and won the play-offs for a ticket to the Champions League qualifiers by defeating Ajax in the play-off finals.

In the 2008–09 season, Twente hired former England manager Steve McClaren as its new head coach. Under his tenure, unseeded Twente entered the draw for the third qualifying round of the Champions League, being drawn against seeded Arsenal. The two legs were played at home on 13 August and away on 27 August 2008. Twente lost 6–0 on aggregate, resulting in their elimination from the Champions League and subsequent entry of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup first round. At the domestic level, Twente finished second in the Eredivisie, 11 points behind champions AZ, and again secured entry to the Champions League qualifying rounds as Dutch runners-up, as well as KNVB Cup finalists (defeated by Heerenveen).

The 2009–10 season started with Twente being knocked out of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League third qualifying round after a 1–1 aggregate draw against Sporting CP, which sent the Portuguese side through on away goals.[3] The club was then admitted to the Europa League, where it enjoyed a relatively successful path that ended in a 4–2 aggregate defeat at the hands of Werder Bremen in the round of 32. At the domestic level, Twente won its first Eredivisie title at the end of a campaign in which they lost just twice, winning 16 of 17 at home. The championship was confirmed on the final day of the season when they beat NAC 2–0 away,[4] making Steve McClaren the first Englishman to guide a Dutch team to a national title since Bobby Robson in 1992.[5] The victory qualified Twente for the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League group stage, the club's first appearance in the competition. At the end of the season, McClaren resigned as the manager, moving to German side VfL Wolfsburg, and was replaced by the Belgian Michel Preud'homme. Twente continued their success by having a good run during the 2010–11 KNVB Cup, reaching the final on 8 May 2011 at De Kuip.[6] Twente recovered from 2–0 down to defeat Ajax 3–2 in extra time with a winner from Marc Janko,[7] which claimed the club's third KNVB Cup title.[8] One week later, the two teams faced each other in Amsterdam in the final round of matches in the Eredivisie, with Twente leading by a point. However, Ajax gained revenge for the Cup defeat by winning 3–1, to claim their first title in seven years.[9]

The start of the 2011–12 season, under Preud'homme's successor Co Adriaanse, featured another clash between the duo in the Amsterdam Arena, this time with Twente winning 2–1 in their second successive Johan Cruijff Shield supercup victory.[10]

Financial problems and relegation (2014–2019)

During the 2014–15 Eredivisie season, Twente found themselves in financial trouble again, forcing the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) to deduct the club three points from the side in March 2015.[11] Club President Munsterman, who had announced to leave the club at the end of the season, then already quit the club on 1 April 2015 over allegations of financial mismanagement.[12] The team fired 18 employees[13] and stopped with their scouting department after they received a second three-point penalty in April 2015.[14] They also decided to withdraw Jong Twente from the Eerste Divisie for the 2015–16 season and the women's professional team was relocated in a separate foundation.[15] On 18 May 2016 the KNVB declared its intent to relegate FC Twente to the Eerste Divisie. This was however still subject to appeal by FC Twente[16] and on 17 June 2016 the KNVB appeal committee decided that Twente can remain in the Eredivisie. At the end of the 2017–18 Eredivisie season, Twente relegated to the Eerste Divisie by finishing at the bottom of the table at the end of the season, after having fired two managers that season. The 2018–19 Eerste Divisie season was the first outside of the top flight for 34 years. Commercial director Jan van Halst felt partly responsible and then stepped down.[17]

Back to Europe

In the Eerste Divisie, Twente had a season marked by ups and downs. From December 2018, however, through a 15-game stretch, not a single loss was recorded, giving the club a big lead over the competition. On 22 April 2019, the title and promotion were secured. Twente drew 0–0 at home against Jong AZ, but because the last remaining competitor Sparta Rotterdam lost, Twente could no longer be reached.[18]

Despite promotion, manager Marino Pušić was dismissed and his assistant Gonzalo García was promoted to head coach and was put in charge of Twente's first season back in the Eredivisie.[19] After a strong start, a 3–2 home defeat to archrivals Heracles Almelo was the start of a lesser period. Twente dropped to the bottom regions of the Eredivisie and after an impressive victory over AZ, three more defeats followed. However, after a 1–0 defeat against Vitesse, the Eredivisie season was abandoned due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. As a result, Twente finished the 2019–20 season in fourteenth place, safe of relegation.[20]

At the beginning of the 2020–21 season, García was also dismissed to be succeeded by the experienced Ron Jans.[21] At the same time, Jan Streuer became technical director as a replacement for the Ted van Leeuwen who had resigned.[22] Streuer brought in players such as Queensy Menig and Václav Černý, who would both become key players in the following season.[23] After an excellent first half of the season, the results in the second half of the season were disappointing. Twente missed play-offs for European football and finished in tenth place. As a result of this season, Streuer wanted to bring more experienced players to the club, and signed Robin Pröpper and Ricky van Wolfswinkel.[24] In addition, youth players were increasingly integrated in the first team with Mees Hilgers, Ramiz Zerrouki and Daan Rots becoming starters. Jody Lukoki was also signed, but he was seriously injured shortly after his arrival, which meant that he never played a match for Twente. Lukoki's contract was terminated on 17 February 2022 after being convicted of domestic violence. [25] Three months later, on 9 May 2022, Lukoki died of cardiac arrest after being beaten by family members.[26][27][28]

After a strong season, Twente finished in fourth place in the league table and qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League; their first return to Europe in eight years.[29]

Affiliated clubs

The following clubs are affiliated with Twente:

• Dayton Dutch Lions[30][31][32]
• Qarabağ[33][34][35]
• Kozármisleny[36]
• Heracles Almelo[37]
• Go Ahead Eagles[37]
• Stranraer[37]

Stadium

De Grolsch Veste, formerly named Arke Stadion, is the official stadium of FC Twente and is owned by the club. It is located at the Business & Science Park, near the University of Twente and between the city centers of Enschede and Hengelo. It has a spectator capacity of 30,205 with a standard pitch heating system and has a promenade instead of fences around the stands.

De Grolsch Veste replaced the old Diekman Stadion as Twente's home ground on 22 March 1998. Initially, plans had been afoot to expand and renovate the old and now demolished Diekman stadium. However, with a growing fan capacity and with arguments that the location of the Diekman stadium was not strategic enough, the idea was conceived to build a new arena for the Twente fans. The Diekman ground also faced problems with its seating plans as a result of the FIFA regulations, which impose a requirement to construct a seating stand behind each goal.

The cost of the construction is estimated to be around 33 million guilders, and the stadium took 14 months to complete, with its foundation stone having been laid on 31 January 1997. Due to the tight budget available, the layout of the stadium was constructed so that future expansions are possible without the necessity to tear down entire existing stands.

On 10 May 1998, the first match played at the stadium resulted in a 3–0 victory by the home team against PSV in an Eredivisie match.

Initially, the Grolsch Veste had a capacity of 13,500 spectators, which was later reduced to 13,250. As of the start of the 2008–09 season, the stadium has been expanded with a partial second ring increasing the capacity to 24,000 seats. After a second expansion, completed in 2011, the current capacity became 30,205.

The recording of "You'll Never Walk Alone" by Gerry and the Pacemakers is sung along in the whole stadium before every kick-off.

On 7 July 2011, a section of the stadium roof collapsed whilst expansion work was taking place at the stadium, killing two people.[38]

Current squad

As of 01 August 2022[39]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  GER Lars Unnerstall 2 DF  NED Mees Hilgers 3 DF  NED Robin Pröpper (vice-captain) 4 DF  ESP Julio Pleguezuelo 5 DF  NED Gijs Smal 6 MF  NED Wout Brama (captain) 7 FW  CZE Václav Černý 8 MF  ALG Ramiz Zerrouki 9 FW  NED Ricky van Wolfswinkel 10 FW  NED Virgil Misidjan 11 FW  NED Daan Rots 14 MF  NED Sem Steijn 16 GK  MAR Issam El Maach 17 DF  NED Anass Salah-Eddine (on loan from Ajax)

No. Pos. Nation Player 18 MF  NED Michel Vlap 19 MF  GRE Christos Tzolis (on loan from Norwich City) 20 DF  NED Joshua Brenet 21 MF  NOR Mathias Kjølø 22 GK  POL Przemysław Tytoń 23 MF  CZE Michal Sadílek 24 DF  NED Luca Everink 26 FW  NED Denilho Cleonise 27 FW  CRC Manfred Ugalde (on loan from Lommel) 30 GK  NED Sam Karssies 32 MF  NED Casper Staring 37 MF  NED Thijs van Leeuwen 38 MF  NED Max Bruns

Honours

National

• Eredivisie
  • Winners: 2009–10
  • Runners-up: 1973–74, 2008–09, 2010–11
• Eerste Divisie
  • Winners: 2018–19
• KNVB Cup
  • Winners: 1976–77, 2000–01, 2010–11
  • Runners-up: 1974–75, 1978–79, 2003–04, 2008–09
• Johan Cruyff Shield
  • Winners: 2010, 2011
  • Runners-up: 2001

International

• UEFA Cup
  • Runners-up: 1974–75

Domestic results

Below is a table with Twente's domestic results since the introduction of the Eredivisie in 1956.

Domestic results since 1956
Domestic league	League result	Qualification to	KNVB Cup season	Cup result
2021–22 Eredivisie	4th	Europa Conference League (3Q)	2021–22	round of 16
2020–21 Eredivisie	10th	–	2020–21	first round
2019–20 Eredivisie	14th	–	2019–20	second round
2018–19 Eerste Divisie	1st	Eredivisie (promotion)	2018–19	quarter-final
2017–18 Eredivisie	18th (relegation)	–	2017–18	semi-final
2016–17 Eredivisie	7th	–	2016–17	second round
2015–16 Eredivisie	13th	–	2015–16	second round
2014–15 Eredivisie	10th	–	2014–15	semi-final
2013–14 Eredivisie	3rd	Europa League (Q4)	2013–14	second round
2012–13 Eredivisie	6th	– (losing EL play-offs)	2012–13	round of 16
2011–12 Eredivisie	6th	Europa League (Q1)	2011–12	round of 16
2010–11 Eredivisie	2nd	Champions League (Q2)	2010–11	winners
2009–10 Eredivisie	1st	Champions League	2009–10	semi-final
2008–09 Eredivisie	2nd	Champions League (Q2)	2008–09	final
2007–08 Eredivisie	4th	Champions League (winning CL play-offs) (Q3)	2007–08	second round
2006–07 Eredivisie	4th	UEFA Cup (after losing CL play-offs)	2006–07	round of 16
2005–06 Eredivisie	9th	Intertoto Cup (after losing UC play-offs final)	2005–06	round of 16
2004–05 Eredivisie	6th	–	2004–05	round of 16
2003–04 Eredivisie	8th	–	2003–04	final
2002–03 Eredivisie	12th	–	2002–03	second round
2001–02 Eredivisie	12th	–	2001–02	round of 16
2000–01 Eredivisie	11th	UEFA Cup	2000–01	winners
1999–2000 Eredivisie	6th	–	1999–2000	second round
1998–99 Eredivisie	8th	–	1998–99	round of 16
1997–98 Eredivisie	9th	Intertoto Cup	1997–98	4th place
1996–97 Eredivisie	3rd	UEFA Cup	1996–97	round of 16
1995–96 Eredivisie	10th	–	1995–96	quarter-final
1994–95 Eredivisie	5th	–	1994–95	round of 16
1993–94 Eredivisie	5th	UEFA Cup	1993–94	round of 16
1992–93 Eredivisie	5th	UEFA Cup	1992–93	quarter-final
1991–92 Eredivisie	6th	–	1991–92	third round
1990–91 Eredivisie	6th	–	1990–91	second round
1989–90 Eredivisie	3rd	UEFA Cup	1989–90	round of 16
1988–89 Eredivisie	3rd	UEFA Cup	1988–89	round of 16
1987–88 Eredivisie	3rd	- (after losing UC play-offs)	1987–88	second round
1986–87 Eredivisie	7th	- (after losing UC play-offs)	1986–87	round of 16
1985–86 Eredivisie	14th	–	1985–86	second round
1984–85 Eredivisie	8th	–	1984–85	round of 16
1983–84 Eerste Divisie	2nd	Eredivisie (promotion)	1983–84	quarter-final
1982–83 Eredivisie	16th	Eerste Divisie (relegation)	1982–83	round of 16
1981–82 Eredivisie	12th	–	1981–82	round of 16
1980–81 Eredivisie	6th	–	1980–81	round of 16
1979–80 Eredivisie	6th	UEFA Cup	1979–80	round of 16
1978–79 Eredivisie	12th	Cup Winners' Cup	1978–79	final
1977–78 Eredivisie	4th	UEFA Cup	1977–78	second round
1976–77 Eredivisie	9th	Cup Winners' Cup	1976–77	winners
1975–76 Eredivisie	4th	–	1975–76	round of 16
1974–75 Eredivisie	4th	–	1974–75	final
1973–74 Eredivisie	2nd	UEFA Cup	1973–74	round of 16
1972–73 Eredivisie	3rd	UEFA Cup	1972–73	quarter-final
1971–72 Eredivisie	3rd	UEFA Cup	1971–72	first round
1970–71 Eredivisie	5th	–	1970–71	round of 16
1969–70 Eredivisie	4th	Inter-Cities Fairs Cup	1969–70	semi-final [citation needed]
1968–69 Eredivisie	3rd	Inter-Cities Fairs Cup	1968–69	round of 16 [citation needed]
1967–68 Eredivisie	8th	–	1967–68	semi-final [citation needed]
1966–67 Eredivisie	13th	–	1966–67	first round [citation needed]
1965–66 Eredivisie	11th	–	1965–66	group stage [citation needed]
1964–65 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1964–65 Eerste Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	7th 7th	–	1964–65	second round [citation needed] quarter final [citation needed]
1963–64 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1963–64 Eerste Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	3rd 13th	–	1963–64	second round [citation needed] first round [citation needed]
1962–63 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1962–63 Eerste Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	5th 4th	–	1962–63	quarter-final [citation needed] second round [citation needed]
1961–62 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1961–62 Eerste Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	14th 5th (group B)	–	1961–62	? [citation needed]  ? [citation needed]
1960–61 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1960–61 Eerste Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	12th 5th (group A)	–	1960–61	? [citation needed]  ? [citation needed]
1959–60 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1959–60 Tweede Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	9th 2nd (group B)	– Eerste Divisie (promotion)	not held	not held
1958–59 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1958–59 Tweede Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	7th 3rd (group B)	–	1958–59	? [citation needed]  ? [citation needed]
1957–58 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1957–58 Tweede Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	2nd 2nd (group B)	–	1957–58	? [citation needed]  ? [citation needed]
1956–57 Eredivisie (as SC Enschede) 1956–57 Tweede Divisie (as Enschedese Boys)	3rd 15th (group A)	–	1956–57	? [citation needed]  ? [citation needed]

Club staff

Position	Name
Manager	Ron Jans
Assistant Manager	Ivar van Dinteren
First-Team Coach	Jeffrey de Visscher Adrie Bogers
Goalkeeper Coach	Sander Boschker
Fitness Coach	Nick Segers
Chief Scout	Patrick Busby
Scout	Evert Bleuming Niels Wigbold
Youth Scout	Jan Kemkens
Director of youth department	Dominique Scholten
Coordinator of talent management	Iddo Roscher
Technical Director	Jan Streuer

Coaches

Notable (former) players

The players below had senior international cap(s) for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for FC Twente.

Top scorers

Women's section

The women's section of Twente was founded in 2007 for the creation of the Eredivisie as new top-level league in the Netherlands. Twente played the opening match of the league. After three midfield positions in the first three years, Twente won the championship in 2010–11 and played the UEFA Women's Champions League in 2011–12.

See also

• Dutch football league teams
• Derby of Twente
• Jong FC Twente

References

External links

Official websites

• FCTwente.nl Archived 21 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine Official website of FC Twente (in Dutch, English, and German)
• FC Twente TV Official website FC Twente TV (No membership required)
• UEFA.com The FC Twente Story

General fan sites

• FC Twente Online (in Dutch)
• FC Twente Online English Section
• Vak-P (in Dutch)
• Twentefans (in Dutch)
• FC Twente.nu Archived 19 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch)

News sites

• SkySports.com / FC Twente
• Goal.com / FC Twente
• Football-Lineups.com / FC Twente

На других языках

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[de] FC Twente Enschede

Der FC Twente ist ein niederländischer Fußballverein. Er ist nach der Region Twente, in der auch Enschede liegt, benannt worden.

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- [en] FC Twente

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[es] Football Club Twente

El Football Club Twente es un club de fútbol de Países Bajos, de la ciudad de Enschede. Fue fundado el 1 de julio de 1965 y juega en la Eredivisie, primera categoría del fútbol de los Países Bajos.

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[ru] Твенте (футбольный клуб)

«Твенте» (нидерл. Football Club Twente) — нидерландский футбольный клуб из города Энсхеде. Основан 1 июля 1965 года благодаря объединению клубов «Энсхеде» и «Энсхедезе Бойз». Домашние матчи команда проводит на стадионе «Гролс Весте», его вместимость составляет более 30 тысяч зрителей.

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