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The Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) is an association football league in Scotland. It comprises the top four divisions of the Scottish football league system. The league was established in 2013, following a merger of the Scottish Premier League (SPL; tier one) and the Scottish Football League (SFL; tiers two to four). The Scottish Premier League itself had been formed in 1998 as a breakaway from the Scottish Football League, which had been established in 1890.


Clubs



Current members of the Scottish Professional Football League


ClubFirst SFL
season		First SPFL
season		Division2020–21 positionNotes
Aberdeen1904–052013–14PremiershipPremiership, 10th[1]
Airdrieonians[note 1]2002–032013–14League OneLeague One, 2nd[2][3]
Albion Rovers1903–042013–14League TwoLeague Two, 8th[4]
Alloa Athletic1921–222013–14League OneLeague One, 5th[5]
Annan Athletic2008–092013–14League TwoLeague Two, 3rd[6]
Arbroath1921–222013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 2nd[7]
Ayr United1910–112013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 8th[8]
Bonnyrigg Rose Athletic—2021–22League TwoLowland League, 1st
Celtic1890–912013–14PremiershipPremiership, 1st[9]
Clyde1891–922013–14League OneLeague One, 8th[10]
Cove Rangers—2019–20ChampionshipLeague One, 1st[11]
Dumbarton1890–912013–14League TwoLeague One, 9th[12]
Dundee1893–942013–14ChampionshipPremiership, 12th[13]
Dundee United1910–112013–14PremiershipPremiership, 4th[14][15]
Dunfermline Athletic1912–132013–14League OneChampionship, 9th[16]
East Fife1921–222013–14League TwoLeague One, 10th[17]
Edinburgh City[note 2]—2016–17League OneLeague Two, 4th[18]
Elgin City2000–012013–14League TwoLeague Two, 9th[19]
Falkirk1902–032013–14League OneLeague One, 6th[20]
Forfar Athletic1921–222013–14League TwoLeague Two, 2nd[21]
Greenock Morton1893–942013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 7th[22]
Hamilton Academical1897–982013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 6th[23]
Heart of Midlothian1890–912013–14PremiershipPremiership, 3rd[24]
Hibernian1893–942013–14PremiershipPremiership, 8th[25]
Inverness Caledonian Thistle[note 3]1994–952013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 3rd[26][27]
Kelty Hearts—2021–22League OneLeague Two, 1st[28]
Kilmarnock1895–962013–14PremiershipChampionship, 1st[29]
Livingston[note 4]1974–752013–14PremiershipPremiership, 7th[30][31]
Montrose1923–242013–14League OneLeague One, 3rd[32]
Motherwell1893–942013–14PremiershipPremiership, 5th[33]
Partick Thistle1893–942013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 4th[34]
Peterhead2000–012013–14League OneLeague One, 7th[35]
Queen of the South1923–242013–14League OneChampionship, 10th[36]
Queen's Park1900–012013–14ChampionshipLeague One, 4th[37]
Raith Rovers1902–032013–14ChampionshipChampionship, 5th[38]
Rangers1890–912013–14PremiershipPremiership, 2nd[39]
Ross County1994–952013–14PremiershipPremiership, 6th[40]
St Johnstone1911–122013–14PremiershipPremiership, 11th[41]
St Mirren1890–912013–14PremiershipPremiership, 9th[42]
Stenhousemuir1921–222013–14League TwoLeague Two, 5th[43]
Stirling Albion1946–472013–14League TwoLeague Two, 7th[44]
Stranraer1949–502013–14League TwoLeague Two, 6th[45]

Former member clubs


ClubFirst SFL
season		First SPFL
season		Last SPFL
season		Current statusNotes
Berwick Rangers1951–522013–142018–19Relegated from the SPFL in 2019; now play in the Lowland League.[46]
Brechin City1923–242013–142020–21Relegated from the SPFL in 2021; now play in the Highland League.[47]
Cowdenbeath1905–062013–142021–22Relegated from the SPFL in 2022; now play in the Lowland League.[48]
East Stirlingshire1900–012013–142015–16Relegated from the SPFL in 2016; now play in the Lowland League.[49]

See also



Notes


  1. A previous club known as Airdrieonians played in the Scottish Football League between 1894 and 2002. The name was revived in 2013 when Airdrie United were renamed. The present Airdrieonians club is formally a continuation of Clydebank, who relocated in 2002 to the stadium of the defunct Airdrieonians and were renamed "Airdrie United" at that time.
  2. A previous club known as Edinburgh City played in the Scottish Football League between 1931 and 1949. The name was revived in 1986 when Postal United were renamed.
  3. Formed from merger of Caledonian and Inverness Thistle in 1994. Changed name from Caledonian Thistle to Inverness Caledonian Thistle in 1996.
  4. Changed name from Meadowbank Thistle to Livingston in 1995.

References


  1. "Aberdeen". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  2. "Airdrie United". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  3. "Airdrieonians". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  4. "Albion Rovers". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  5. "Alloa Athletic". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  6. "Annan Athletic". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  7. "Arbroath". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  8. "Ayr United". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  9. "Celtic". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  10. "Clyde". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  11. "Cove Rangers". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  12. "Dumbarton". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  13. "Dundee". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  14. "DUNDEE UNITED". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  15. "DUNDEE HIBERNIANS". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  16. "Dunfermline Athletic". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  17. "East Fife". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  18. "Edinburgh City". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  19. "Elgin City". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  20. "Falkirk". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  21. "Forfar Athletic". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  22. "Morton". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  23. "Hamilton Academical". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  24. "Heart of Midlothian". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  25. "Hibernian". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  26. "Caledonian Thistle". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  27. "Inverness Caledonian Thistle". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  28. "Kelty Hearts". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  29. "Kilmarnock". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  30. "Livingston". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  31. "Meadowbank Thistle". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  32. "Montrose". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  33. "Motherwell". Soccerbase. Retrieved 18 May 2016.
  34. "Partick Thistle". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  35. "Peterhead". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  36. "Queen of the South". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  37. "Queen's Park [Glasgow]". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  38. "Raith Rovers". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  39. "Rangers". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  40. "Ross County". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  41. "St Johnstone". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  42. "St Mirren". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  43. "Stenhousemuir". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  44. "Stirling Albion". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  45. "Stranraer". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  46. "Berwick Rangers". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  47. "Brechin City". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  48. "Cowdenbeath". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  49. "East Stirlingshire". The Football Club History Database. Retrieved 23 August 2013.


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