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Major League Soccer (MLS) is the premier professional soccer league in the United States and Canada. The league has 29 teams in 29 stadiums as of the 2023 season: 26 in the United States and 3 in Canada. At the time of the league's inauguration in 1996, MLS teams used multi-purpose stadiums, often shared with National Football League (NFL) or college football teams. Because of lower attendance, these stadiums had rows of seats covered in tarps to limit capacity. Starting in 1999 with the Columbus Crew's construction of Historic Crew Stadium, the league has constructed soccer-specific stadiums which are tailor-made for soccer and which have smaller capacity. Today, the majority of MLS stadiums are soccer-specific stadiums. While the league's early stadiums relied heavily on public financing, several modern soccer-specific stadiums have been majority-funded by clubs and their owners.[1]

The league's soccer-specific stadiums, with the exception of Providence Park in Portland, Oregon, have grass playing surfaces. The remaining stadiums with artificial turf surfaces are mostly used by teams sharing their venues with other sports, including American football.[2]

As with the other major North American sports leagues, the majority of MLS stadiums have sold their naming rights to corporations. BC Place, Citypark, Soldier Field, and Yankee Stadium are the only current MLS stadiums without a corporate-sponsored name.

Citypark
Location of MLS team stadiums: Western Conference Eastern Conference

Stadiums


The following is a list of current primary MLS stadiums.

Soccer-specific stadium
Reduced capacity
(Full capacity)
Stadiums with a retractable roof
ImageStadiumTeamLocationFirst MLS year in stadiumCapacityOpenedSurfaceField dimensionsCoordinatesRoof typeSoccer specificRef(s)
Allianz FieldMinnesota United FCSaint Paul, Minnesota201919,4002019Grass115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 44°57′10″N 93°9′54″W Open Yes [3]
America First FieldReal Salt LakeSandy, Utah200820,2132008Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 40.582923°N 111.893156°W / 40.582923; -111.893156 (America First Field) Open Yes [4]
Audi FieldD.C. UnitedWashington, D.C.201820,000[5]2018Grass115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		38°52′6″N 77°0′44″W Open Yes [6]
Banc of California StadiumLos Angeles FCLos Angeles, California201822,0002018Grass115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 34°00′47″N 118°17′6″W Open Yes [7]
Bank of America StadiumCharlotte FCCharlotte, North Carolina202238,000
(74,867)		1996FieldTurfTBA 35°13′33″N 80°51′10″W Open No [8]
BC Place Vancouver Whitecaps FCVancouver, British Columbia201122,120
(54,500)		1983Polytan117 yd × 75 yd
(107 m × 69 m)		 49°16′36″N 123°6′43″W Retractable No [9][10]
BMO FieldToronto FCToronto, Ontario200728,351[note 1]2007Hybrid grass115 yd × 74 yd
(105 m × 68 m)		 43°37′58″N 79°25′07″W Open Yes [11]
Children's Mercy ParkSporting Kansas CityKansas City, Kansas201118,4672011Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 39.1218°N 94.8237°W / 39.1218; -94.8237 (Children's Mercy Park) Open Yes [12]
CityparkSt. Louis City SCSt. Louis, Missouri202322,5002023GrassTBA 38°37′51.7″N 90°12′39.3″W Open Yes [13]
Dick's Sporting Goods ParkColorado RapidsCommerce City, Colorado200718,0612007Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 39°48′20″N 104°53′31″W Open Yes [14]
Dignity Health Sports ParkLA GalaxyCarson, California200327,0002003Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 33°51′52″N 118°15′40″W Open Yes [15]
DRV PNK StadiumInter Miami CFFort Lauderdale, Florida202018,0002020Grass115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 26°11′35″N 80°9′40″W Open Yes [16]
Exploria StadiumOrlando City SCOrlando, Florida201725,5002017Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 28°37′27.83″N 81°23′20.53″W Open Yes [17]
Gillette StadiumNew England RevolutionFoxborough, Massachusetts200220,000
(65,878)		2002FieldTurf115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 42°05′27.40″N 71°15′51.64″W Open No [18]
Geodis ParkNashville SCNashville, Tennessee202230,0002022GrassTBA 36°7′49″N 86°45′56″W Open Yes
Lower.com FieldColumbus CrewColumbus, Ohio202120,3712021Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 39°58′6.46″N 83°1′1.52″W Open Yes [19]
Lumen FieldSeattle Sounders FCSeattle, Washington200937,722
(68,740)		2002FieldTurf114 yd × 74 yd
(104 m × 68 m)		 47.5952°N 122.3316°W / 47.5952; -122.3316 (Lumen Field) Open No [20][21]
Mercedes-Benz Stadium Atlanta United FCAtlanta, Georgia201742,500
(71,000)		2017FieldTurf115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 33°45′19.30″N 84°24′4.29″W Retractable No [22]
PayPal ParkSan Jose EarthquakesSan Jose, California201518,0002015Grass115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 37°21′5″N 121°55′30″W Open Yes [23]
PNC StadiumHouston Dynamo FCHouston, Texas201222,0392012Grass115 yd × 73 yd
(105 m × 67 m)		 29°45.132′N 95°21.144′W Open Yes [24][25][26]
Providence ParkPortland TimbersPortland, Oregon201125,2181926FieldTurf110 yd × 75 yd
(101 m × 69 m)		 45°31′17″N 122°41′30″W Open Yes[Note 1] [27][28]
Q2 StadiumAustin FCAustin, Texas202120,7382021Grass115 yd × 75 yd
(105 m × 69 m)		 30°23′17.54″N 97°43′11.51″W Open Yes [29]
Red Bull ArenaNew York Red BullsHarrison, New Jersey201025,0002010Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 40°44′12″N 74°9′1″W Open Yes [30]
Saputo StadiumCF MontréalMontreal, Quebec201219,6192008Grass120 yd × 77 yd
(110 m × 70 m)		 45°33′47″N 73°33′9″W Open Yes [31]
Soldier FieldChicago Fire FCChicago, Illinois199824,955
(61,500)		1924Grass114 yd × 74 yd
(104 m × 68 m)		 41.8623°N 87.6167°W / 41.8623; -87.6167 (Soldier Field) Open No [32]
Subaru ParkPhiladelphia UnionChester, Pennsylvania201018,5002010Grass120 yd × 75 yd
(110 m × 69 m)		 39°49′56″N 75°22′44″W Open Yes [33]
Toyota StadiumFC DallasFrisco, Texas200519,0962005Grass117 yd × 74 yd
(107 m × 68 m)		 33°9′16″N 96°50′7″W Open Yes [34][35]
TQL StadiumFC CincinnatiCincinnati, Ohio202126,0002021Hybrid grass110 yd × 75 yd
(101 m × 69 m)		 39°06′41″N 84°31′20″W Open Yes [36]
Yankee StadiumNew York City FCBronx, New York201530,321
(47,309)		2009Grass110 yd × 70 yd
(101 m × 64 m)		 40°49′45″N 73°55′35″W Open No [37]

^1 Providence Park began as a minor league baseball stadium, which was converted to primarily soccer use in 2011. It occasionally has and still hosts collegiate American football games.


Future stadiums


The following is a table of future MLS stadiums that are undergoing construction, have been approved for construction, or are existing venues that are planned to be used by a future team.

The New England Revolution have reportedly been in negotiations over a potential site in South Boston.[38]

Soccer-specific stadium
Reduced capacity
(Full capacity)
Stadiums with a retractable roof
Stadium Team Location Capacity Construction
begin		 Likely
opening		 Surface Roof type Soccer specific Ref(s)
Miami Freedom Park Inter Miami CF Miami, Florida 25,000 2022 2025 Grass Open Yes [39][40]
New York City FC stadium New York City FC Queens, New York 25,000 2027 Yes [41]

Former stadiums


The following is a list of former MLS stadiums.

Soccer-specific stadium
Reduced capacity
(Full capacity)
ImageStadiumFranchise(s)LocationUsed for MLSCapacityOpenedSurfaceRef(s)
Arrowhead StadiumKansas City WizardsKansas City, Missouri1996–200720,269
(79,451)[note 2]		1972Grass
Bobby Dodd StadiumAtlanta United FCAtlanta201755,0001913Grass
Buck Shaw StadiumSan Jose EarthquakesSanta Clara, California2008–201410,5251962Grass[42]
Camping World StadiumOrlando City SCOrlando, Florida2015–201619,500
(65,438)		1936AstroTurf[43]
Cardinal StadiumChicago FireNaperville, Illinois2002–200315,0001999FieldTurf
CommunityAmerica BallparkKansas City WizardsKansas City, Kansas2008–201010,3852003Grass
Cotton BowlDallas BurnDallas1996–2002, 2004-200525,425
(92,100)		1932Grass
Dragon StadiumDallas BurnSouthlake, Texas200311,0002001
Empire FieldVancouver Whitecaps FCVancouver201120,5002010FieldTurf[44]
Foxboro StadiumNew England RevolutionFoxborough, Massachusetts1996–200124,871
(60,292)		1971Grass
Giants StadiumNew York Red Bulls
NY/NJ MetroStars		East Rutherford, New Jersey1996–200925,576
(78,148)		1976Grass; AstroTurf; FieldTurf
Historic Crew StadiumColumbus CrewColumbus, Ohio1999-202119,9681999Grass [45][46]
Invesco Field at Mile HighColorado RapidsDenver2002–200617,500
(76,125)		2001Grass
Mile High StadiumColorado RapidsDenver1996–200117,500
(76,273)		1948Grass
Navy–Marine Corps Memorial StadiumD.C. UnitedAnnapolis, Maryland201834,0001959FieldTurf[47]
Nippert StadiumFC CincinnatiCincinnati2019–202132,250
(40,000)		1915Act Global UBU Sports Speed M6-M[48]
Nissan StadiumNashville SCNashville2020-2021N/A
(69,143)		1999Grass
Oakland–Alameda County ColiseumSan Jose EarthquakesOakland, California2008–200947,416
(63,132)		1966Grass[42]
Ohio StadiumColumbus CrewColumbus, Ohio1996–199825,243
(104,944)		1922Grass[49][50][51]
RFK StadiumD.C. UnitedWashington, D.C.1996–201720,000
(45,596)		1961Grass[52]
Rice–Eccles StadiumReal Salt LakeSalt Lake City2005–200824,521
45,634)		1927FieldTurf
Robertson StadiumHouston DynamoHouston2006–201125,462
(32,000)		1941Grass
Rose BowlLos Angeles GalaxyPasadena, California1996–200226,000
(104,091)		1922Grass
SeatGeek StadiumChicago FireBridgeview, Illinois2006–201920,0002006Grass[53]
Spartan StadiumSan Jose EarthquakesSan Jose, California1996–200519,166
(31,218)		1933Grass[42]
TCF Bank StadiumMinnesota United FCMinneapolis2017–201821,895
(50,805)		2009FieldTurf

Defunct teams


Reduced capacity
(Full capacity)
ImageStadiumTeam(s)LocationUsed for MLSCapacityOpenedSurfaceField DimensionsRef(s)
Houlihan's StadiumTampa Bay MutinyTampa, Florida1996–199816,000
(65,857)		1967Grassunknown
Lockhart Stadium (1959)Miami FusionFort Lauderdale, Florida1998–200220,4501959Grass116 by 75 yards (106 m × 69 m)
Raymond James StadiumTampa Bay MutinyTampa, Florida1999–200232,000
(65,857)		1998Grass115 by 72 yards (105 m × 66 m)
StubHub CenterChivas USACarson, California2005–2014 (Chivas USA)18,800
(27,000)		2003Grass120 by 75 yards (110 m × 69 m)[15]

See also



Notes


  1. Full MLS capacity, portion used by CFL: 25,000
  2. For most of the Wizards' history at Arrowhead, the team did not sell tickets in most of the stadium. At different times, either one side of the stadium or the upper seating bowl was tarped off.

References


  1. Schneider, Keith (June 30, 2020). "As Major League Soccer Expands, Teams Are Getting New Homes". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  2. Ruthven, Graham (April 10, 2020). "Fake plastic unease: Can MLS become a world-class league on artificial turf?". The Guardian. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  3. "Allianz Field". Minnesota United FC. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  4. "2010 MLS Fact Sheet" (PDF). Retrieved August 28, 2012.[permanent dead link]
  5. Goff, Steven. "D.C. United strikes deal with Audi for stadium naming rights". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  6. MLS, Staff. "DC council unanimously approves stadium plan". MLS.com. MLS. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  7. "Banc of California Stadium Facts". LAFC. Archived from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
  8. Spanberg, Erik (February 11, 2022). "Charlotte FC moving closer to sellout for season opener at Bank of America Stadium". Charlotte Business Journal. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  9. "BC Place". Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
  10. Constantineau, Bruce (September 24, 2011). "Empire falls, Whitecaps hope BC Place provides kick-start". The Province. Retrieved September 24, 2011.[permanent dead link]
  11. Armstrong, Laura (May 7, 2016). "TFC groundskeeper at BMO Field on the hot seat". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
  12. "Sporting Park Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  13. Barker, Jacob (August 25, 2019). "'Clearly a better deal': City taxpayers' opposition to 2017 MLS stadium plan worked out in long run". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  14. "An A-Z Directory of Facility Services for our Guests" (PDF). Dick's Sporting Goods Park. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  15. "The Home Depot Center". The Home Depot Center. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  16. "Inter Miami CF To Make Historic MLS Home Debut on March 14, 2020". InterMiamiCF.com. November 13, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
  17. de los Rios, Gabriel; Calderon, Rudy. "All 22 MLS stadiums for the 2017 season". Major League Soccer. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  18. "Gillette Stadium Overview". revolutionsoccer.net. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
  19. Bush, Bill; Myers, Jacob (October 10, 2019). "Crew breaks ground on new stadium in Arena District". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  20. Romero, José Miguel (January 23, 2010). "Success in the second season won't be easy for Sounders FC". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  21. Smith, Rob (July 19, 2002). "Close to the action: Fans come first in Seahawks Stadium". Puget Sound Business Journal. Archived from the original on June 19, 2004. Retrieved April 14, 2004.
  22. Carlisle, Jeff. "Atlanta introduced as MLS' 22nd team". espnfc.com. ESPN FC. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
  23. "San Jose Earthquakes: Team makes inroads with fans, plans to 'strive to be best' on field". San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  24. "Dynamo Stadium 2012". Houston Dynamo. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  25. "BBVA Compass Stadium's pitch size draws ire". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
  26. "Houston Dynamo widen BBVA Compass Stadium pitch as pass-and-move mindset brings "different direction"". Houston Dynamo. Archived from the original on January 18, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  27. Orr, Michael A. (December 31, 2013). "Timbers Expanding Width of Field to 75 Yards". Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
  28. "2015 Portland Timbers Game Recap". Archived from the original on March 26, 2015.
  29. Hatch, Charlie. "Precourt Sports Ventures and City of Austin complete landmark stadium agreement to bring Major League Soccer to Austin" (PDF). Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  30. "Stadium Facts". Red Bull Arena. Archived from the original on February 18, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  31. "Stade Saputo". impactmontreal.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2015. Retrieved March 21, 2015.
  32. Sigal, Jonathan (September 13, 2019). "Chicago Fire announce ownership change and relocation". Major League Soccer. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  33. "About Subaru Park". Philadelphia Union. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  34. "About Toyota Stadium". FC Dallas. Archived from the original on September 12, 2013.
  35. "FC Dallas Training Report: 3/23". March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014.
  36. "FC Cincinnati announces timeline for West End stadium". The Enquirer. June 29, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  37. "New York City FC outline plans for Yankee Stadium's baseball-to-soccer conversion". MLSsoccer.com. Major League Soccer. Archived from the original on April 23, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  38. Moore, Mary (March 25, 2015). "Kraft soccer stadium push complicates Boston 2024 plans for Widett Circle". Boston Business Journal. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  39. "David Beckham's MLS team unveil plans for $966m stadium in Miami". The Guardian. October 22, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  40. "Mayor: We have a deal for new Inter Miami stadium, development". soccerstadiumdigest.com. January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  41. https://www.amny.com/sports/nycfc-and-nyc-reach-deal-soccer-stadium/
  42. "History". San Jose Earthquakes. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  43. "MAJOR LEAGUE SOCCER AWARDS EXPANSION TEAM TO ORLANDO". Orlandocitysoccer.com. Orlando City SC. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
  44. "Empire Field". Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  45. "Crew Stadium". Columbus Crew. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  46. "Mapfre no more: Columbus Crew seeks new naming-rights partner for historic stadium". Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  47. "D.C. United holds off Columbus Crew SC in Annapolis". ESPN FC. April 15, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  48. Brennan, Patrick (May 29, 2018). "It's official: FC Cincinnati has joined MLS, will begin play in 2019". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  49. Merz, Craig (April 17, 1996). "Crew Won't Increase 'Shoe Size; for Now, Capacity Will Remain as Is". Columbus Dispatch. p. 3H.
  50. "Crew Wins 8th Straight; More than 31,000 Fans See Columbus' 2–0 Win Over the MetroStars". Columbus Dispatch. April 14, 1996. p. 1E.
  51. "Ohio Stadium". Ohio State Buckeyes. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
  52. "U.S. vs. Germany: RFK or FedEx?". The Washington Post. January 9, 2013.
  53. "toyotapark.com – A-Z/FAQ's". Archived from the original on April 27, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2007.


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