sport.wikisort.org - Athlete

Ewa Janina Kłobukowska (born 1 October 1946) is a Polish former sprinter. She competed at the 1964 Olympics in the 4×100 m relay and 100 m sprint and won a gold and a bronze medal, respectively.[2] She also won two gold and one silver medal at the 1966 European Athletics Championships. Kłobukowska set three world records, one in the 100 m (11.1 s, 9 July 1965 in Prague) and two in the 4×100 m relay (44.2 s, 13 September 1964, Łódź and 43.6 s, 21 October 1964, Tokyo). Kłobukowska was at one point considered to be the fastest woman in the world. The American Press made a statement, saying that nobody would beat Kłobukowska for the next 7-8 years following a race in Prague.[3] Despite these successes and laurels, her records were annulled by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) after a gender identification test in 1967 wrongly labeled her as not female.[4] The test procedures were later found to be inadequate.[5][6]

Ewa Kłobukowska

Ewa Kłobukowska c. 1967
Personal information
Nationality	Polish
Born	1 October 1946 (1946-10) (age 76) Warsaw, Poland
Height	1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Weight	60 kg (132 lb)
Sport
Sport	Athletics
Event(s)	Sprint
Club	Skra Warszawa
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)	100 m – 11.1 (1965) 200 m – 22.9 (1967)[1]
Medal record Representing  Poland Olympic Games 1964 Tokyo 4×100 m relay 1964 Tokyo 100 m European Championships 1966 Budapest 4×100 m relay 1966 Budapest 100 m 1966 Budapest 200 m

Personal life

Kłobukowska was born in a family of intellectuals. In 1965, she graduated from a Technical School of Economics No. 6 and in 1972 from the SGH Warsaw School of Economics.[5] She went on to work for a steel construction company called Energomontaż-Północ Gdynia.[7] She then worked as an accountant in a Polish company in Czechoslovakia.[8] In 1968, she became pregnant and bore a son.[9]

Intersex condition

The gender test used for European Cup women's track and field competition in Kiev in 1967 wrongly identified her as not female, and Kłobukowska was subsequently banned from competing in professional sports.[10] This was surprising considering she passed the nude gender verification test a year prior to this competition.[11] According to the IAAF she had "one chromosome too many", likely referring to detection of a Y chromosome in some of her cells.[11] However, had she had been tested one year later at the Mexico Olympics, she would have been eligible on the grounds that she was Barr Body (inactive X-chromosome), having a Barr Body in all of her cells. It is considered likely that this is the result of her having an XX/XXY genetic mosaic where some of her cells contain XX chromosomes, and other cells contain XXY, a rare intersex condition.[12][13] Her humiliation led to a change in the gender verification policies by the International Olympic Committee, which from then on kept test results secret.[14]

IAAF erased the three world records set by Kłobukowska, including the two team records in the 4×100 m relay.[5][15] Even now, there are only a few articles on Kłobukowska because of the erasure of her accomplishments.[3] Kłobukowska isn't seen in the public eye often because of the controversy.[16] The reasoning behind this is that it has taken a significant toll on her mental health, almost resulting in suicide.[3] As of 2017, she had still received no formal apology.[16]

See also

• Gender verification in sports
• Caster Semenya
• Maria José Martínez-Patiño
• Dutee Chand
• Santhi Soundarajan
• Stanisława Walasiewicz
• Helen Stephens
• Irena Szewińska

References

External links

На других языках

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- [en] Ewa Kłobukowska

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[fr] Ewa Kłobukowska

Ewa Janina Kłobukowska, née le 1er octobre 1946 à Varsovie, est une ancienne athlète polonaise intersexe et championne olympique.

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[it] Ewa Kłobukowska

Ewa Janina Kłobukowska (Varsavia, 1º ottobre 1946) è un'ex velocista polacca, campionessa olimpica della staffetta 4×100 metri ai Giochi di Tokyo 1964.

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[ru] Клобуковская, Ева

Ева Клобуковская (польск. Ewa Kłobukowska; род. 1 октября 1946, Варшава) — польская легкоатлетка. Участница летних Олимпийских игр 1964 года, где стала чемпионкой в эстафете 4×100 м в составе польской сборной и бронзовым призёром в беге на 100 м[1]. Она также выиграла две золотые и одну серебряную медаль на чемпионате Европы 1966 года. Клобуковская установила три мировых рекорда: один на 100 м (11,1 с, 9 июля 1965 года в Праге) и два на эстафете 4 × 100 м (44,2 с, 13 сентября 1964 года, Лодзь и 43,6 с, 21 октября 1964 года, Токио). В 1967 году они были аннулированы Международной ассоциацией федераций легкой атлетики (ИААФ) после того, как Ева не прошла тест на определение пола, хотя впоследствии процедуры теста были признаны некорректными[2][3].

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