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The Shanghai International Circuit (simplified Chinese: 上海国际赛车场; traditional Chinese: 上海國際賽車場; pinyin: Shànghǎi Guójì Sàichēchǎng) is a motorsport race track, situated in the Jiading District, Shanghai. The circuit is best known as the venue for the annual Chinese Grand Prix which was hosted from 2004 to 2019 and again from 2023 onwards.

Shanghai International Circuit
LocationJiading, Shanghai
Time zoneUTC+08:00
Coordinates31°20′20″N 121°13′11″E
Capacity200,000
FIA Grade1[N 1]
Owner
  • Shanghai Jiushi Group (92%)
  • Shanghai International Automobile City(8%)
OperatorShanghai International Circuit Co., Ltd.
Broke groundApril 2003
Opened6 June 2004; 18 years ago (2004-06-06)
Construction cost¥2.6 billion ($450 million, €370 million)
ArchitectHermann Tilke
Major eventsCurrent:
TCR Asia Series (2016–2019, 2021–present)
Future:
Formula One
Chinese Grand Prix (2004–2019, 2023)
Former:
FIA WEC
4 Hours of Shanghai (2012–2019)
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Chinese motorcycle Grand Prix (2005–2008)
WTCC Race of China (2012–2016)
Asian Le Mans Series (2014, 2018–2019)
F3 Asian Championship (2018–2019)
Blancpain GT Series Asia (2017–2019)
Porsche Carrera Cup Asia (2004–2019, 2021)
Formula Renault AsiaCup (2004–2011, 2013–2018)
TCR International Series (2015)
GP2 Asia (2008)
A1 Grand Prix (2006–2008)
V8 Supercars China round (2005)
Grand Prix Circuit (2004–present)
Length5.451 km (3.388 miles)
Turns16
Race lap record1:32.238 ( Michael Schumacher, Ferrari F2004, 2004)
Motorcycle Grand Prix Circuit (2004–present)
Length5.281 km (3.282 miles)
Turns16
Race lap record1:59.273 ( Valentino Rossi, Yamaha YZR-M1, 2008)
Intermediate Circuit (2004–present)
Length4.603 km (2.858 miles)
Turns14
Race lap record1:35.177 ( Robert Wickens, Lola B05/52, 2008)
Websitewww.f1-shanghai.com

History


Shanghai International Circuit was conceived by the Shanghai authorities as a way to showcase the city to the world. A 5.3 sq km site was chosen in the Jiading District in the north west of the city, close to major car parts manufacturing facilities and a budget of 2.6 billion yuan ($450 million) raised through a government-funded joint-venture company, the Shanghai Jiushi Group.

Herman Tilke was chosen to design the track and associated buildings, and between April and May 2003, engineers visited the site to draw up their plans. The site was actually a swampland, previously used as rice paddy fields, and extensive groundworks had to be completed to construct the circuit. For 18 months some 3,000 workers were on site daily to complete the facility – a remarkable feat of both engineering and logistics.

When it opened, visitors found a vast complex, dominated by the main grandstand and pit complex, which featured wing-like viewing platforms crossing the circuit at either end. This can hold 30,000 spectators alone, and others around the circuit take the total capacity to 200,000. Paddock facilities were also unique – each of the F1 teams had its own building, arranged like pavilions in a lake to resemble the ancient Yu Garden in Shanghai.[1]


Layout


Satellite image of the circuit, as it appeared in April 2018
Satellite image of the circuit, as it appeared in April 2018

The track layout was inspired from the Chinese character shang (上), the first character in the name of the city Shanghai , meaning "above" or "ascend".[2]

There’s a unique start to the lap as the drivers fly into the ever-tightening Turns 1 and 2, before they dart left through 3 and 4. The super-high g force Turns 7 and 8 are loved by the drivers, while the circuit also features one of the longest straights on the calendar, the 1.2 km (0.7 mi) stretch that separates turns 13 and 14.[3]


A lap in a Formula One car


The first two bends make a 185 km/h (115 mph) right-hand curve which leads immediately into turns 3 and 4 taken at 105 km/h (65 mph). One and two are far more difficult – a lift on entry followed by various taps of the throttle and brakes are needed so the car maintains balance throughout. It also becomes blind towards the middle of the corner.[4] Three and four are less complicated, with three being a simple hairpin, but a good exit is needed from four to gain speed down the following straight and through turn 5. The complex of turns 1–4 makes up the first of two "snails" on the circuit, the other being turns 11–13.[5] Turn 6 is a second gear, right-handed hairpin with plentiful run-off. Turns 7 and 8 make up a high speed chicane – the left-right complex sees a constant G-force of 3[4] and a minimum speed of about 160 km/h (99 mph). Turns 9 and 10 immediately follow – two slow left-handers which require a good exit to gain speed down the next straight. Turns 11 and 12 effectively make up a slow left-right chicane where the use of kerbs are important but traction is low. Turn 13 is a very long right-hander which becomes less and less tight, and a very good exit is important as DRS is available down the following straight. At 1.170 km (0.727 mi), it is the equivalent to 11 football pitches laid end to end, or the same length as three and a half of the world's biggest aircraft carriers[6] Turn 14 is a hairpin at the end of the straight – the second gear corner is a prime overtaking spot as DRS is available in the run up to the corner. Turn 16 is the last corner – a fourth-gear[4] left-hander which requires a quick tap on the brakes – braking early can be more effective as you can then carry more speed through the corner and then down the pit straight.


Motorsport events


The Shanghai International Circuit is the first in China to be purpose-built for Formula One and it hosts FIA Formula One World Championship Chinese Grand Prix every year since 2004.[7] The circuit also holds a number of global high-profile series, including the FIA World Endurance Championship and the Blancpain GT Series Asia.

In the past, the circuit has hosted the MotoGP world championship, and a one-off V8 Supercars China Round of the Australian-based V8 Supercar championship in 2005, and also the final round of the A1 Grand Prix in 2006/2007.


Events


Current
Future
Former

Records


The total length of the circuit is 5.451 km (3.387 mi), which is about average for a Formula One circuit. Michael Schumacher's race lap record of 1:32.238 has stood since 2004. In Q3 of 2018 Chinese Grand Prix, Sebastian Vettel qualified on pole position with a time of 1:31.095, a new track record.[8] The official race lap records at the Shanghai International Circuit are listed as:

CategoryRecordCircuit LengthCircuit LayoutDriver/RiderTeamBike/ChassisDate
Formula One 1:32.238 5.451 km (3.387 mi) Michael Schumacher Scuderia Ferrari Ferrari F2004 September 26, 2004
LMP1 1:45.892[9] Sébastien Buemi Toyota Gazoo Racing Toyota TS050 Hybrid 2017 November 5, 2017
GP2 Asia 1:46.407 Kamui Kobayashi DAMS Dallara GP2/05 October 18, 2008
LMP2 1:51.793[9] Bruno Senna Vaillante Rebellion Oreca 07 Gibson November 5, 2017
A1 Grand Prix 1:51.832 Darren Manning A1 Team Great Britain Lola A1GP April 1, 2006
LMP3 2:00.638[10] Mathias Beche Craft-Bamboo Racing Ligier JS P3 Nissan August 27, 2017
LM GTE 2:00.948[11] Kévin Estre Porsche GT Team Porsche 911 RSR-19 November 10, 2019
Formula 3 2:01.440[12] Daniel Cao Absolute Racing Tatuus F.3 T-318 September 27, 2019
Formula Renault 2.0 2:04.675[13] Daniel Cao BlackArts Racing Team Tatuus FR2.0/13 April 29, 2018
GT3 2:05.458[14] Chen Wei'an TianShi Racing Team Audi R8 LMS November 25, 2018
Formula BMW 2:12.155[15] Michael Patrizi Team Meritus Mygale FB02 October 16, 2005
Formula 4 2:13.537[16] He Zijian Smart Life Racing Team Mygale M14-F4 September 28, 2019
TCR Touring Car 2:17.039[17] Luca Engstler Liqui Moly Team Engstler Volkswagen Golf GTI TCR October 5, 2018
GT4 2:19.958[18] Ringo Chong Team iRace.Win Mercedes-AMG GT4 September 28, 2019
MotoGP 1:59.273 5.281 km (3.281 mi) Valentino Rossi Fiat Yamaha Team Yamaha YZR-M1 May 4, 2008
250cc 2:05.738 Jorge Lorenzo Fortuna Aprilia Aprilia RSW 250 May 6, 2007
125cc 2:12.131 Álvaro Bautista Master - MVA Aspar Aprilia RS 125 R May 14, 2006
A1 Grand Prix 1:35.177 4.603 km (2.860 mi) Robert Wickens A1 Team Canada Lola A1GP April 13, 2008
Formula Renault 2.0 1:48.325[19] Leopold Ringbom PS Racing Tatuus FR2000 October 23, 2011
WTCC 1:50.833 Ma Qinghua Citroën Total WTCC Citroën C-Elysée WTCC October 12, 2014
V8 Supercars 1:51.056[20] Todd Kelly Holden Racing Team Holden VZ Commodore June 12, 2005
TCR Touring Car 1:59.143[21] Huang Chuhan New Faster Team Audi RS 3 LMS TCR August 5, 2017



Notes


    1. Shanghai International Circuit's Grade 1 license expired 21 March 2022.

    References


    1. "Shanghai International Circuit". RacingCircuits.info. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
    2. "Chinese Grand Prix Preview". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. April 13, 2009. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
    3. "China". Formula1.com. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
    4. "Shanghai International Circuit guide". F1 Fanatic. Archived from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
    5. RedBull.com (May 4, 2012). "Circuit Guide: Shanghai International Circuit". Red Bull Motorsports. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
    6. "Straight-line power – the engine in Shanghai". Formula1.com. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
    7. "China". Formula1.com. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
    8. Takle, Abhishek (April 14, 2018). "Vettel snatches pole position in Ferrari one-two". Retrieved September 28, 2021.
    9. "2017 FIA WEC 6 Hours of Shanghai Race Final Classification by Class" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. November 5, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    10. "2017 FRD LMP3 Series - Round 3 Result of FRD LMP3 - Main Race" (PDF). Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    11. "2019 FIA WEC 4 Hours of Shanghai Race Final Classification" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    12. "2019 Asian Formula 3 Shanghai 2 (Race 1)". Retrieved July 17, 2022.
    13. "China Endurance Series 2018 - Round 1 Asian Formula Renault Official Classification of Race 1" (PDF). Retrieved July 17, 2022.
    14. "4H of Shanghai - Asian Le Mans Series 2018-2019 Fastest Lap Times" (PDF). Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    15. "Formula BMW 2005 - Round 14 - Shanghai - Race". Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    16. "GT World Challenge Asia - Rounds 11 & 12 - 26th-28th September - Shanghai - 2019 China F4 - Race 16". Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    17. "TCR Asia 2018 » Shanghai International Circuit GP Round 10 Results". Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    18. "Blancpain GT World Challenge Asia Rounds 11 & 12 Shanghai International Circuit 26th – 28th September 2019" (PDF). Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    19. "2011 Shanghai AFR Series Race #2 Official Result". Retrieved July 17, 2022.
    20. "2005 Buick V8 Supercars China Round #2". Retrieved July 27, 2022.
    21. "TCR CN 2017 » Shanghai International Circuit Round 1 Results". Retrieved April 24, 2022.


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